who与whom的用法区别

在英语中,whowhom 都是关系代词,用于引导定语从句或疑问句。它们的主要区别在于语法功能和用法。以下是 whowhom 的详细用法及区别:

一、who的用法

1. 作为主语

  • who 用于引导定语从句或疑问句时,作主语,表示“谁”。
  • 例句:
    • Who is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)
    • The man who you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)

2. 用于指代人

  • who 仅用于指代人,不能用于指代物。
  • 例句:
    • Who is the author of this book?(这本书的作者是谁?)
    • The student who won the prize is very smart.(获得奖品的学生很聪明。)

3. 用于引导定语从句

  • who 可以引导限定性或非限定性定语从句。
  • 例句:
    • The teacher who taught us math is very kind.(教我们数学的老师很和蔼。)
    • The teacher, who taught us math, is very kind.(教我们数学的老师很和蔼。)

二、whom的用法

1. 作为宾语

  • whom 用于引导定语从句或疑问句时,作宾语,表示“谁”。
  • 例句:
    • To whom did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)
    • The man whom you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)

2. 用于指代人

  • whom 仅用于指代人,不能用于指代物。
  • 例句:
    • For whom did you buy the gift?(你为谁买了礼物?)
    • The student whom you helped is very grateful.(你帮助的那个学生非常感激。)

3. 用于引导定语从句

  • whom 可以引导限定性或非限定性定语从句。
  • 例句:
    • The teacher whom we respect is very kind.(我们尊敬的老师很和蔼。)
    • The teacher, whom we respect, is very kind.(我们尊敬的老师很和蔼。)

三、who与whom的区别

1. 语法功能

  • who 作主语,用于引导定语从句或疑问句。
  • whom 作宾语,用于引导定语从句或疑问句。
  • 例句:
    • Who is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)(主语)
    • To whom did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)(宾语)

2. 用法

  • who 用于主语位置。
  • whom 用于宾语位置,通常用于介词后。
  • 例句:
    • The man who you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)(主语)
    • The man whom you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)(宾语)

3. 现代英语中的变化

  • 在现代英语中,尤其是在口语中,whom 的使用逐渐减少,很多情况下可以用 who 代替。
  • 例句:
    • To who did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)(口语中常见)
    • The man who you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)(口语中常见)

四、练习题

  1. 填空题:
    • ________ is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)
    • To ________ did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)
    • The man ________ you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)
    • For ________ did you buy the gift?(你为谁买了礼物?)
    • The student ________ you helped is very grateful.(你帮助的那个学生非常感激。)
  2. 改错题:
    • Who is coming to the party?(正确)
    • To whom did you give the book?(正确)
    • The man who you saw at the store is my uncle.(正确)
    • For whom did you buy the gift?(正确)
    • The student whom you helped is very grateful.(正确)
答案:
  1. 填空题:
    • Who is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)
    • To whom did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)
    • The man whom you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)
    • For whom did you buy the gift?(你为谁买了礼物?)
    • The student whom you helped is very grateful.(你帮助的那个学生非常感激。)
  2. 改错题:
    • Who is coming to the party?(正确)
    • To whom did you give the book?(正确)
    • The man whom you saw at the store is my uncle.(正确)
    • For whom did you buy the gift?(正确)
    • The student whom you helped is very grateful.(正确)

五、总结

  • who 用于主语位置,表示“谁”。
  • whom 用于宾语位置,表示“谁”,尤其是在介词后。
  • 在现代英语中,尤其是在口语中,whom 的使用逐渐减少,很多情况下可以用 who 代替。
希望这些内容和练习题能帮助你更好地理解和掌握关系代词 whowhom 的用法及区别!