who与whom的用法区别
- 英语语法
- 2025-01-25
- 24热度
- 0评论


在英语中,who 和 whom 都是关系代词,用于引导定语从句或疑问句。它们的主要区别在于语法功能和用法。以下是 who 和 whom 的详细用法及区别:
一、who的用法
1. 作为主语
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who 用于引导定语从句或疑问句时,作主语,表示“谁”。
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例句:
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Who is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)
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The man who you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)
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2. 用于指代人
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who 仅用于指代人,不能用于指代物。
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例句:
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Who is the author of this book?(这本书的作者是谁?)
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The student who won the prize is very smart.(获得奖品的学生很聪明。)
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3. 用于引导定语从句
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who 可以引导限定性或非限定性定语从句。
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例句:
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The teacher who taught us math is very kind.(教我们数学的老师很和蔼。)
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The teacher, who taught us math, is very kind.(教我们数学的老师很和蔼。)
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二、whom的用法
1. 作为宾语
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whom 用于引导定语从句或疑问句时,作宾语,表示“谁”。
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例句:
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To whom did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)
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The man whom you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)
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2. 用于指代人
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whom 仅用于指代人,不能用于指代物。
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例句:
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For whom did you buy the gift?(你为谁买了礼物?)
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The student whom you helped is very grateful.(你帮助的那个学生非常感激。)
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3. 用于引导定语从句
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whom 可以引导限定性或非限定性定语从句。
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例句:
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The teacher whom we respect is very kind.(我们尊敬的老师很和蔼。)
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The teacher, whom we respect, is very kind.(我们尊敬的老师很和蔼。)
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三、who与whom的区别
1. 语法功能
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who 作主语,用于引导定语从句或疑问句。
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whom 作宾语,用于引导定语从句或疑问句。
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例句:
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Who is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)(主语)
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To whom did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)(宾语)
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2. 用法
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who 用于主语位置。
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whom 用于宾语位置,通常用于介词后。
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例句:
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The man who you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)(主语)
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The man whom you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)(宾语)
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3. 现代英语中的变化
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在现代英语中,尤其是在口语中,whom 的使用逐渐减少,很多情况下可以用 who 代替。
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例句:
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To who did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)(口语中常见)
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The man who you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)(口语中常见)
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四、练习题
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填空题:
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________ is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)
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To ________ did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)
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The man ________ you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)
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For ________ did you buy the gift?(你为谁买了礼物?)
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The student ________ you helped is very grateful.(你帮助的那个学生非常感激。)
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改错题:
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Who is coming to the party?(正确)
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To whom did you give the book?(正确)
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The man who you saw at the store is my uncle.(正确)
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For whom did you buy the gift?(正确)
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The student whom you helped is very grateful.(正确)
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答案:
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填空题:
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Who is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)
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To whom did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)
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The man whom you saw at the store is my uncle.(你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。)
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For whom did you buy the gift?(你为谁买了礼物?)
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The student whom you helped is very grateful.(你帮助的那个学生非常感激。)
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改错题:
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Who is coming to the party?(正确)
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To whom did you give the book?(正确)
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The man whom you saw at the store is my uncle.(正确)
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For whom did you buy the gift?(正确)
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The student whom you helped is very grateful.(正确)
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五、总结
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who 用于主语位置,表示“谁”。
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whom 用于宾语位置,表示“谁”,尤其是在介词后。
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在现代英语中,尤其是在口语中,whom 的使用逐渐减少,很多情况下可以用 who 代替。
希望这些内容和练习题能帮助你更好地理解和掌握关系代词 who 和 whom 的用法及区别!