关系代词that与which的用法

一、that的用法

1. 限定性定语从句（Restrictive Relative Clauses）

• that 用于引导限定性定语从句,这种从句对先行词进行限制性修饰,不能省略。
• that 可以指代人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
• 例句：
  • The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。）
    • 解释： “that” 指代 “the book”,在从句中作宾语。
  • The man that you saw at the store is my uncle.（你在商店看到的那个人是我的叔叔。）
    • 解释： “that” 指代 “the man”,在从句中作宾语。

2. 用于指代物

• that 在指代物时,可以用于任何情况,包括先行词是单数或复数。
• 例句：
  • The cars that are parked outside are mine.（停在外面的那些车是我的。）
  • The house that we bought last year is very big.（我们去年买的那座房子很大。）

3. 用于指代人

• that 也可以用于指代人,尤其是在非正式语境中。
• 例句：
  • The person that helped me is my friend.（帮助我的那个人是我的朋友。）

二、which的用法

1. 非限定性定语从句（Non-restrictive Relative Clauses）

• which 通常用于引导非限定性定语从句,这种从句对先行词进行补充说明,可以省略。
• which 通常只用于指代物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
• 例句：
  • The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（这本书,我昨天买的,很有趣。）
    • 解释： “which” 指代 “the book”,在从句中作宾语。
  • The house, which we bought last year, is very big.（这座房子,我们去年买的,很大。）
    • 解释： “which” 指代 “the house”,在从句中作宾语。

2. 用于指代物

• which 只用于指代物,不能用于指代人。
• 例句：
  • The cars, which are parked outside, are mine.（那些车,停在外面的,是我的。）
  • The house, which we bought last year, is very big.（这座房子,我们去年买的,很大。）

3. 在介词后使用

• which 常用于介词后,而 that 通常不能用于介词后。
• 例句：
  • The book about which we talked is very interesting.（我们谈论过的那本书很有趣。）
  • The house in which we live is very big.（我们住的那座房子很大。）

三、that与which的区别

四、特殊情况

1. 在非正式语境中

• 在非正式语境中,that 和 which 的区别可以稍微模糊一些,尤其是在口语中。
• 例句：
  • The book that I bought is very interesting.（我买的那本书很有趣。）
  • The book which I bought is very interesting.（我买的那本书很有趣。）

2. 在某些固定搭配中

• 在某些固定搭配中,that 是唯一的选择。
• 例句：
  • The same book that I have.（和我有的那本书一样。）
  • The only thing that I need.（我唯一需要的东西。）

五、练习题

1. 填空题：
   • The book ________ I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。）
   • The house ________ we bought last year is very big.（我们去年买的那座房子很大。）
   • The book, ________ I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（这本书,我昨天买的,很有趣。）
   • The house, ________ we bought last year, is very big.（这座房子,我们去年买的,很大。）
2. 改错题：
   • The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（正确）
   • The house that we bought last year is very big.（正确）
   • The book, that I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（改正：________）
   • The house, that we bought last year, is very big.（改正：________）

1. 填空题：
   • The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。）
   • The house that we bought last year is very big.（我们去年买的那座房子很大。）
   • The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（这本书,我昨天买的,很有趣。）
   • The house, which we bought last year, is very big.（这座房子,我们去年买的,很大。）
2. 改错题：
   • The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（正确）
   • The house that we bought last year is very big.（正确）
   • The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（改正：which）
   • The house, which we bought last year, is very big.（改正：which）