代词用法：关系代词that与which

一、that的用法

1. 引导限制性定语从句：
   • 修饰人或物：that可以指代人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
   • 例句：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。）
   • 例句：The man that is standing over there is my teacher.（站在那边的那个人是我的老师。）
2. 用于某些特殊结构：
   • 在“the same...that...”“such...that...”“so...that...”等结构中,that引导定语从句。
   • 例句：This is the same pen that I lost last week.（这就是我上周丢的那支笔。）
   • 例句：He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.（他是一个如此聪明的男孩,大家都喜欢他。）

二、which的用法

1. 引导限制性定语从句：
   • 修饰物：which只能指代物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
   • 例句：The house which has a big garden is very expensive.（有大花园的那座房子非常贵。）
   • 例句：The computer which I bought last year doesn't work now.（我去年买的那台电脑现在不能用了。）
2. 引导非限制性定语从句：
   • which引导的非限制性定语从句通常用逗号隔开,对句子进行补充说明。
   • 例句：The book, which is written by a famous author, is very popular.（这本书,是一位著名作家写的,非常受欢迎。）
   • 例句：The city, which is famous for its beautiful scenery, attracts many tourists.（这座城市,以美丽的风景而闻名,吸引了许多游客。）

三、that与which的区别

1. 指代范围：
   • that可以指代人或物,而which只能指代物。
2. 在从句中的位置：
   • that在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语；which在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
3. 在某些情况下的用法差异：
   • 在“the same...that...”“such...that...”“so...that...”等结构中,通常用that。
   • 当先行词被序数词、最高级、不定代词（如all、much、little、none等）修饰,或先行词是人和物时,通常用that。
   • 当先行词是物,且在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,that和which可以互换,但在非限制性定语从句中,通常用which。

四、例题

1. 题目：The pen _____ I bought yesterday is broken.
   • A. that
   • B. which
   • C. who
   • 答案：A（that可以指代物,且在从句中作宾语）
   • 解析：that引导限制性定语从句,修饰pen,指代物。
2. 题目：The city _____ is famous for its beautiful scenery is very popular.
   • A. that
   • B. which
   • C. who
   • 答案：B（which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰city,指代物）
   • 解析：which引导非限制性定语从句,对句子进行补充说明。
3. 题目：This is the same book _____ I lost last week.
   • A. that
   • B. which
   • C. who
   • 答案：A（that用于“the same...that...”结构中）
   • 解析：that引导定语从句,修饰book,用于“the same...that...”结构中。