代词用法:关系代词which有何用法

关系代词 which 是英语中常用的定语从句引导词,用于指代物或事情。它在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或定语,帮助修饰先行词。以下是 which 的详细用法,包括具体例句和注意事项,帮助你更好地理解和使用它。

一、which 的基本用法

1. 含义

  • which 用于指代物或事情,表示“哪一个”或“哪些”。

2. 用法

  • 引导定语从句:修饰先行词,通常用于指物。
  • 位置:紧跟在先行词后面。
  • 功能:在从句中可以作主语、宾语或定语。

二、which 的具体用法

1. 作主语

  • which 在定语从句中作主语,表示“哪一个”或“哪些”。
  • 例句
    • The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
    • The house which has a big garden is very expensive.(有大花园的那座房子非常贵。)

2. 作宾语

  • which 在定语从句中作宾语,表示“哪一个”或“哪些”。
  • 例句
    • The book which I read last night is on the table.(我昨晚读的那本书在桌子上。)
    • The house which we visited last week is for sale.(我们上周参观的那座房子正在出售。)

3. 作定语

  • which 在定语从句中作定语,表示“哪一个”或“哪些”。
  • 例句
    • The book whose cover is red is mine.(封面是红色的那本书是我的。)
    • The house whose garden is very big is very expensive.(有大花园的那座房子非常贵。)

三、which 的特殊情况

1. 非限制性定语从句

  • which 用于引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词进行补充说明,通常用逗号隔开。
  • 例句
    • The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.(这本书,我昨天买的,非常有趣。)
    • The house, which has a big garden, is very expensive.(这座房子,有大花园,非常贵。)

2. 指代整个句子

  • which 有时可以指代整个句子的内容,表示“这一点”或“这件事”。
  • 例句
    • He failed the exam, which made his parents very upset.(他考试没通过,这让他父母非常难过。)
    • She arrived late, which caused a lot of trouble.(她迟到了,这引起了很多麻烦。)

四、which 与 that 的区别

1. 指代对象

  • which:通常用于指物。
  • that:用于指人或物。

2. 用法

  • which
    • 用于引导定语从句,修饰先行词。
    • 可以用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。
  • that
    • 用于引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词。
    • 通常不用于非限制性定语从句。

3. 例句

  • which
    • The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
    • The house which has a big garden is very expensive.(有大花园的那座房子非常贵。)
  • that
    • The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
    • The house that has a big garden is very expensive.(有大花园的那座房子非常贵。)

五、例题

  1. 题目:The book _____ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
    • A. which
    • B. that
    • 答案:A(which)或 B(that)
    • 解析:修饰先行词 book,用 whichthat
  2. 题目:The house _____ has a big garden is very expensive.
    • A. which
    • B. that
    • 答案:A(which)或 B(that)
    • 解析:修饰先行词 house,用 whichthat
  3. 题目:The book _____ I read last night is on the table.
    • A. which
    • B. that
    • 答案:A(which)或 B(that)
    • 解析:修饰先行词 book,用 whichthat
  4. 题目:He failed the exam, _____ made his parents very upset.
    • A. which
    • B. that
    • 答案:A(which)
    • 解析:指代整个句子的内容,用 which
  5. 题目:The book, _____ I bought yesterday, is very interesting.
    • A. which
    • B. that
    • 答案:A(which)
    • 解析:用于非限制性定语从句,用 which

六、总结

  • which
    • 用法:用于指代物或事情,引导定语从句,修饰先行词。
    • 功能:在从句中可以作主语、宾语或定语。
    • 例句:The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
希望这些内容能帮助你更好地理解和掌握关系代词 which 的用法。