代词用法:代词专项的用法
- 英语语法
- 2025-01-25
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代词专项用法
代词在英语中扮演着非常重要的角色,它们可以替代名词或名词短语,使句子更加简洁和流畅。以下是代词的主要类型及其专项用法:
1. 人称代词(Personal Pronouns)
人称代词用于替代人或事物,根据其在句子中的功能,分为以下几类:
主格代词(Subject Pronouns)
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用于作句子的主语。
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形式:I, you, he, she, it, we, they
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例句:
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I am reading a book.(我在读一本书。)
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He is my friend.(他是我的朋友。)
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宾格代词(Object Pronouns)
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用于作动词或介词的宾语。
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形式:me, you, him, her, it, us, them
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例句:
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She gave me a book.(她给了我一本书。)
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I talked to her.(我和她说话。)
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所有格代词(Possessive Pronouns)
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用于表示所属关系,独立使用。
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形式:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
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例句:
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This is mine.(这是我的。)
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That is hers.(那是她的。)
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形容词性物主代词(Possessive Adjectives)
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用于修饰名词,表示所属关系。
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形式:my, your, his, her, its, our, their
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例句:
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My book is on the table.(我的书在桌子上。)
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Her car is red.(她的车是红色的。)
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反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)
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用于表示动作的执行者同时也是动作的承受者。
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形式:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
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例句:
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I hurt myself.(我伤到了自己。)
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She taught herself how to play the piano.(她自学了如何弹钢琴。)
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2. 关系代词(Relative Pronouns)
关系代词用于引导定语从句,修饰先行词。
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形式:who, whom, whose, which, that
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例句:
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The man who is talking to her is my brother.(正在和她说话的那个人是我的兄弟。)
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The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
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3. 疑问代词(Interrogative Pronouns)
疑问代词用于引导疑问句,询问信息。
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形式:who, whom, whose, which, what
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例句:
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Who is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)
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What do you want to eat?(你想吃什么?)
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4. 不定代词(Indefinite Pronouns)
不定代词用于表示不确定的人或事物。
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形式:some, any, none, all, both, either, neither, each, every, one, someone, anyone, no one, nobody, something, anything, nothing, everything
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例句:
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Somebody is at the door.(有人在门口。)
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Nothing is impossible.(没有什么是不可能的。)
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5. 指示代词(Demonstrative Pronouns)
指示代词用于指代特定的人或事物。
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形式:this, that, these, those
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例句:
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This is my book.(这是我的书。)
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Those are my friends.(那些是我的朋友。)
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6. 相互代词(Reciprocal Pronouns)
相互代词用于表示相互的关系。
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形式:each other, one another
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例句:
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They love each other.(他们彼此相爱。)
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The students helped one another with their homework.(学生们互相帮助做作业。)
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7. 复合不定代词(Compound Indefinite Pronouns)
复合不定代词由前缀和后缀组合而成,用于表示不确定的人或事物。
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形式:something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone
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例句:
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I need something to eat.(我需要吃点东西。)
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Nobody knows the answer.(没有人知道答案。)
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专项用法
1. 反身代词的用法
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作宾语:反身代词可以作动词或介词的宾语,表示动作的承受者是主语本身。
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I hurt myself.(我伤到了自己。)
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She blamed herself for the mistake.(她为这个错误责怪自己。)
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作同位语:反身代词可以放在名词或代词后面,起强调作用。
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I myself did the work.(我自己做了这项工作。)
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用于固定短语:反身代词常用于一些固定短语中,这些短语通常具有特定的含义。
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enjoy oneself:玩得开心
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We enjoyed ourselves at the party.(我们在聚会上玩得很开心。)
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help oneself to...:随便吃……
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Help yourself to some fruits.(随便吃些水果。)
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2. 关系代词的用法
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指代人:
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who:用于引导定语从句,指代人,作主语或宾语。
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The man who is talking to her is my brother.(正在和她说话的那个人是我的兄弟。)
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whom:用于引导定语从句,指代人,作宾语(正式用法)。
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The man whom you invited is my brother.(你邀请的那个人是我的兄弟。)
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指代事物:
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which:用于引导定语从句,指代事物,作主语或宾语。
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The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
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that:用于引导定语从句,指代人或事物,作主语、宾语或表语。
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The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
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3. 疑问代词的用法
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who:询问人,作主语或宾语。
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Who is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)
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whom:询问人,作宾语(正式用法)。
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Whom did you invite?(你邀请了谁?)
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whose:询问所属关系,作定语。
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Whose book is this?(这是谁的书?)
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which:询问特定的某一个,作主语或宾语。
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Which book do you like?(你喜欢哪一本书?)
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what:询问事物,作主语或宾语。
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What do you want to eat?(你想吃什么?)
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4. 不定代词的用法
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some 和 any:
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some:用于肯定句,表示“一些”。
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I have some apples.(我有一些苹果。)
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any:用于否定句或疑问句,表示“任何”。
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I don't have any apples.(我没有苹果。)
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none:表示“没有一个”,用于三者或三者以上。
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None of the students passed the exam.(没有一个学生通过了考试。)
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all:表示“全部”,用于三者或三者以上。
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All of the students passed the exam.(所有学生都通过了考试。)
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both:表示“两者都”,用于两者。
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Both of the students passed the exam.(两个学生都通过了考试。)
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each 和 every:
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each:表示“每一个”,强调个体。
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Each student passed the exam.(每个学生都通过了考试。)
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every:表示“每一个”,强调整体。
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Every student passed the exam.(每个学生都通过了考试。)
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5. 指示代词的用法
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this 和 these:用于指代近处的人或事物。
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This is my book.(这是我的书。)
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These are my friends.(这些是我的朋友。)
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that 和 those:用于指代远处的人或事物。
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That is my book.(那是我的书。)
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Those are my friends.(那些是我的朋友。)
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练习题
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______ is coming to the party?(谁要来参加派对?)
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A. who
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B. whom
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C. whose
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D. which
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答案:A. who
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I don't know ______ is coming to the party.(我不知道谁要来参加派对。)
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A. who
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B. whom
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C. whose
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D. which
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答案:A. who
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______ book do you like?(你喜欢哪一本书?)
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A. who
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B. whom
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C. whose
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D. which
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答案:D. which
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I don't know ______ book you like.(我不知道你喜欢哪一本书。)
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A. who
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B. whom
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C. whose
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D. which
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答案:D. which
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He gave ______ a book.(他给了我一本书。)
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A. me
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B. I
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C. my
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D. mine
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答案:A. me
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She invited ______ to the party.(她邀请你参加派对。)
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A. you
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B. your
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C. yourself
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D. yours
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答案:A. you
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I saw ______ at the store.(我在商店看到了他。)
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A. him
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B. he
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C. his
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D. himself
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答案:A. him
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She talked to ______.(她和她说话。)
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A. her
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B. she
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C. hers
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D. herself
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答案:A. her
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I bought ______ for my friend.(我为我的朋友买了它。)
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A. it
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B. its
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C. itself
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D. it's
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答案:A. it
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We helped ______.(我们帮助了我们自己。)
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A. us
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B. we
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C. our
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D. ours
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答案:A. us
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通过以上内容的学习,你可以更好地理解和使用英语中的代词。多做练习题,可以帮助你更好地掌握这些代词的用法。