ravaged是什么意思,ravaged中文翻译,ravaged发音、用法及例句
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- 2025-03-30
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•ravaged
ravaged发音
['rævidʒ]
英: 美:
ravaged中文意思翻译
n.破坏, 蹂躏
v.毁坏, 破坏, 掠夺
ravaged词形变化
动词过去式: ravaged |名词: ravager |动词第三人称单数: ravages |动词过去分词: ravaged |动词现在分词: ravaging |
ravaged同义词
damage | plunder | lay waste | pirate | ransack | havoc | sack | desolation | depredation | ruin | prey | pillage | desolate | waste | raze | harry | mischief | despoil | wreck | destroy | lay waste to | scourge |devastate
ravaged反义词
preserve
ravaged常见例句
1 、The team is now looking at the genetics of the threatened Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) whose remaining numbers are currently being ravaged by a transmissible facial cancer.───小组正在研究受威胁的袋獾的基因,它们目前正受到可传染性脸部癌症的危害。
2 、Melissa Martinez salvages what she can after her home was ravaged by Hurricane Ike in Galveston, Texas.───Melissa Martinez在废墟中努力寻找幸存的财产,她的家已经被Ike飓风摧毁。
3 、- Freak storms have ravaged France's Languedoc-Roussillon region, threatening to damage the new wine crop by leaving some vineyards under water at the crucial harvesting stage.───-怪诞飓风蹂躏的法国朗格多克-鲁西地区,威胁要破坏新酒作物留下一些葡萄园下的水在收割的关键阶段。
4 、At home the landhad been ravaged by floods and earthquakes, and famines had driven thedispossessed and even samurai to storm the rice warehouses of the daimyo,the local lords.───在国内,洪水和地震肆虐,赤地千里,饿殍遍野,甚至武士阶级也开始掠夺大名的米仓。
5 、a recession that has ravaged the textile industry───使纺织业严重受损的经济萧条
6 、Global war ravaged earth at that time, but even this devastation paled in comparison to the threat of the invasion from outer space.───在那个时候,地球正处在全球内战的蹂躏中,但是即使这种战争在来自外太空的侵略的威胁前面,显得微不足道。
7 、” Said by a white Texan dynast in Ghana, an African country once ravaged by the slave trade, that unexceptionable insight might sound a shade patronising.───一位德州白人主宰在加纳----一个曾经被奴隶贸易掠夺的非洲国家,曾经说过这句话。
8 、You tell me not to ravage suspects in front of you.─── 你之前说不能当着你的面欺负嫌疑人
9 、Over 50 percent of local income in these ravaged areas depend on the forest and agricultural sector, so foresters' livelihood will be seriously affected.───受灾地区的林农林业收入约占总收入的50%以上,灾害将使林农今后几年的生活受到严重影响。
10 、In history, it has seven times been ravaged by fire which resulted in the destruction of the dome and the wooden eaves on the outside, leaving intact only the brick-built body.───历史上的虎丘塔,曾遭7次火灾,顶部和各层的木檐均已烧毁,保存到现在的只剩砖砌塔身。
11 、World pressure intensified Wednesday on Myanmar's military leaders to allow massive aid into their ravaged country.───国际社会继续对缅甸军方领导层施压,迫使其接受对受灾地区大规模的援助。
12 、After numerous different conquers,including the Romans and the Moores that ravaged the city,the Argons made Catalonia,of which Barcelona was the capital.───城市由迦太基人建立,根据古传统,城市的名字由古迦太基的巴塞家族派生出来。
13 、For you have heard of my manner of life formerly in Judaism, that I persecuted the church of God excessively and ravaged it.───你们听过我从前在犹太教中所行的事,怎样极力逼迫神的召会,并损毁神的召会。
14 、On September 8, 1900, the city of Galveston, Texas, on the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico, was ravaged by 120 mile-per-hour winds, torrential rains, and flooding.───1900年9月8日,位于墨西哥湾海岸线上德州境内的盖维斯敦市遭时速高达120哩强风、倾盆大雨及洪水的劫掠。
15 、In medieval Europe, ravaged by invasions and incessant wars, gardens were generally small and enclosed for protection within the fortified walls of monasteries and castles.───中世纪的欧洲,由于连绵不断的战火,花园都建造的很小,而且都造在有着坚实围墙的修道院和城堡中求得保护。
16 、The population of Kabul has expanded eight-fold, and streets ravaged by war are bustling with street markets.───喀布尔的人口翻了八番,被战火破坏的街道上,地摊熙熙攘攘。
17 、After numerous different conquers, including the Romans and Moores that ravaged the city, the Aragonese made Catalonia, of which Barcelona was the capital, strong and prosperous.───在包括罗马人和摩尔人在内的众多征服者对这个城市进行占领掠夺之后,阿拉贡人建立了加泰罗尼亚,定都于强盛的巴塞罗那。
18 、Taiwan also hopes the accords will stimulate its export__oriented economy, which has been ravaged by the global financial crisis.───台湾也希望这个协定能刺激他们那个被全球经济危机蹂躏的以出口导向的经济。
19 、His fleets ravaged the coast of Arabia;and Trajan vainly flattered himself that he was approaching towards the confines of India.───他的舰队蹂躏了阿拉伯海岸,并且自负的吹嘘他自己正朝着印度边界进军。
20 、He ravaged my vagina like all men do.─── 他像其他男人一样撕裂我的*
21 、The crops were ravaged by the storm.───农作遭暴风雨蹂躏。
22 、You are in league with the outlaws who ravaged this kingdom.─── 你与破坏这个国家的罪犯同流合污
23 、The 1.4-mile-long Three Gorges Dam now assumes its role in controlling the deadly floods that have regularly ravaged China's farming heartland.───大洪灾经常肆虐中国腹地耕田,1.4-英里长的三峡大坝声称具有控制洪水的作用。
24 、14 5 Turmoil shall break out among your tribes and all your fortresses shall be ravaged As Salman ravaged Beth-arbel in time of war, smashing mothers and their children.───因此,在你的城邑中要发生骚动,你的一切堡垒将被拆毁,就如沙耳曼毁灭贝特阿尔贝时,在战争之日,母亲被摔死在儿子身上一样。
25 、Let him to whom the mouth of the LORD has spoken make it known: Why is the land ravaged, scorched like a wasteland untraversed?───上主亲口吩咐谁公布这事?“为什么这地遭受毁灭,荒芜得有如无人经过的旷野?”
26 、Greek - born Turkish corsair who with his brother Arouj(died1518)ravaged the coasts of Spain, Italy, and Greece.───巴尔巴罗萨希腊裔土耳其海盗,曾与其弟阿鲁依(死于1518年)一起劫掠过西班牙、意大利和希腊海岸
27 、Like senna stirs along the ravaged roots.───像山扁豆叶一样沿著残败的根茎轻微地骚动。
28 、Our towns are being ravaged by substance abuse.─── 因为药物泛滥 我们的家园遭受暴力毁坏
29 、3 The LORD will restore the vine of Jacob, the pride of Israel, Though ravagers have ravaged them and ruined the tendrils.───因为上主要恢复雅各伯的葡萄园,也要恢复以色列的葡萄园,因为劫掠者抢掠了他们,且破坏了他们的葡萄蔓。
30 、In fact, so highly regarded was Norton that in the early stages of Europe's recovery from phylloxera, Norton was earmarked as the varietal savior of their ravaged vineyards.───事实上,这样的诺顿高度重视,在欧洲从根瘤蚜复苏的初期阶段,诺顿被他们蹂躏的葡萄园专用品种的救星。
31 、Her body has been ravaged in preparation for this transplant.─── 她的身体已经为了准备这次移植而备受伤害
32 、A tornado ravaged the countryside.───一阵摧毁了乡村的龙卷风
33 、How it's spreading in here, how it's ravaging the body.─── 我们不知道它在这里如何传播 如何摧残身体
34 、Kirkland, 24, grew up in abject poverty in East Austin, Texas, in a part of town that doesn't look too dissimilar to the ravaged towns you see on the news in Iraq.───24岁的科克兰生长在德克萨斯州东奥斯汀的穷苦人家,那里的破旧样活像新闻镜头中的伊拉克。
35 、His fellow marines called for air evacuation, and soon surgeons at a hospital near Baghdad were amputating his ravaged arm.───他的战友呼叫空中救援,将他送往巴格达附近的医院,由外科医生替他残破的手臂实施截肢手术。
36 、He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.───他在我们的海域大肆掠夺,蹂躏我们的沿海地区,烧毁我们的城镇,残害我们人民的生命。
37 、When her brother, the storm-god Susanowo, ravaged the earth, she retreated to a cave because he was so noisy. She closed the cave with a large boulder.───女神的弟弟风暴神须佐之男命肆虐地球时,她就只好躲进一个山洞里,用一块巨石把洞口封住,因为他太吵了。
38 、For thousands of square miles they had ravaged the land like locusts.───在成千上万平方英里的土地上,他们象蝗虫一样蹂躏了大地。
39 、Pandemics of smallpox and polio once ravaged humanity, but widespread immunization drove those diseases to the brink of extinction.───天花和小儿麻痹曾蹂躏人类,而在人们普遍接种疫苗后,它们都濒临灭绝。
40 、Under Cenarius' watchful eye, they began to study the ancient arts of druidism that would enable them to heal the ravaged earth and re-grow their beloved forests at the base of Mount Hyjal.───在塞纳留斯的关注下,他们开始学习古老的德鲁伊法术,学习如何治愈伤痕累累的大地,并开始在海加尔山脚下种植他们喜爱的树木。
41 、To her own consciousness, the flowery fields of her reason had rarely been ravaged by a hostile force.───在她自己的感觉中,她的推理与论说的园地如此绚丽多彩,难得被敌对势力所攻破。
42 、They had ravaged the countryside .───他们已把乡间洗劫一空。
43 、Forcing himself on me, intent on ravaging me, stealing my innocence.─── 压在我身上 企图蹂躏我 夺走我的贞洁
44 、Fugitives from a country ravaged by war───从饱受战争蹂躏的国家逃出的难民
45 、1.At the office I have to hold copy for Van Norden. When it comes time for the break he pulls me aside. He looks glum and ravaged.───在办公室里我只得替范诺登读要校对的稿子。到了休息时间他把我拉到一边,脸色阴沉沉的,很难看。
46 、Banks still have much work to do to repair their ravaged balance-sheets, which will limit their ability to lend.───各个银行的收支平衡惨不忍睹,恢复仍然需要大量工作,这样又会限制它们贷款的能力。
47 、After numerous different conquers, including the Romans and Moores that 4)ravaged the city, the Argons made Catalonia, of which Barcelona was the capital, strong and prosperous.───在经过数不清的不同征服者,包括罗马人和摩尔人对这个城市的掠夺后,阿拉贡人建立了繁荣富强的加泰罗尼亚,定都于巴塞罗那。
48 、Fire ravaged the area in 2002.───2002年该区域曾经大火肆虐。
49 、The army ravaged the whole town.───军队掠夺了整个城镇。
50 、Four days after Hurricane Katrina ravaged the US Gulf coast, long convoys of buses also moved in to carry the worst of the victims away from the flooded streets.───在卡特琳娜飓风肆虐美国海湾沿岸四天之后,公交车队也进入了城区遭受洪水肆虐的街道把受难者运了出去。
51 、In a democracy with a free press, the pressure that forces such changes often comes from decision-makers' fear of being ravaged in the media and/or voted out of office.───一开始他们对自己不自信,这值得理解,甚至不无可爱,但现在他们则遵循着“政治正确”,或是“公司规则”。
52 、Every inhabited world I have encountered in this galaxy has been ravaged by the Wraith.───在这个星系中, 所有我访问过的星球 都曾经遭受过幽灵的蹂躏
53 、Giant waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.───多年不遇的海啸席卷斯里兰卡海岸,造成约22000人死亡,然而当地野生生物官员却惊异的发现尸横遍野的惨象中竟找不到一只动物的尸体。
54 、Baal is true to his namesake. He has ravaged through our lands like a merciless plague.───巴尔和他的名号一模一样,他像一场毫不留情的瘟疫一样,蹂躏了我们的大地和家园。
55 、But in a country that had been ravaged by genocidal conflict, the progress is amazing.───但是,在这样一个曾受到种族灭绝冲突蹂躏的国家,进展却令人惊奇。
56 、The cooking, her healthy nails that should have been ravaged by the treatment.─── 那些食物 她健康的指甲 本該因為治療而受損的指甲
57 、* The marauding army ravaged the countryside.───*军队的掠夺蹂躏的农村地区。
58 、The crops were ravaged by the typhoon.───农作物遭台风毁坏。
59 、The death toll continued to climb from one of the most powerful earthquakes in forty years which unleashed a tsunami that ravaged south and Southeast Asia .───东南亚多国遭遇近四十年来最强烈的地震和地震引发的海啸,令死亡人数不断上升。
60 、This monster ravaged the country of Argos, and dwelt in a swamp near the well of Amymone.───于是他用强有力的手臂把安泰斯举在空中,然后将他打死。
61 、After numerous different conquers, including the Romans and the Moores that ravaged the city, the Argons made Catalonia, of which Barcelona was the capital.───在经过数不清的征服者,包括罗马人和摩尔人对这个城市的掠夺后,阿拉贡人建立了繁荣富强的加塞罗尼亚,定都于巴塞罗那。
62 、He opens his mouth, and out past those ravaged teeth floats the kind of voice you might perhaps hear in heaven or, at the very least, in Naples.───他张开口,从他的烂牙间飘出的声音,也许你只能在天堂或者那不勒斯(意大利西南部港市)才能听得到。
63 、Four years have passed since the aftermath of wow powerleveling III: Reign of Chaos, and a great tension now smolders throughout the ravaged world of Azeroth.───在互联网上销售口腔书籍、音像制品、口腔医疗保健产品,口腔医疗器械、设备、材料。
64 、Kenobi's lightsaber sheared off his lower legs and his left arm, while exposure to the fire and radiation of Mustafar's searing surface burned his flesh and ravaged his body throughout.───克诺比用光剑斩断了他的两条小腿及左臂,随后他倒在穆斯塔法的滚烫地面,烈火和辐射烧焦了他的皮肉,使他的全身都受到严重毁损。
65 、He doesn't look emaciated or bald, and he doesn't appear to be overly ravaged by prescription painkillers.───他看起来并不消瘦也没秃顶,丝毫不见被止痛药过分折磨的迹象。
66 、Despite widespread rains in the past week, India’s oilseed crop has been ravaged by drought this year.───尽管上周印度出现大范围降雨,但就全年而言,干旱仍对油籽作物造成了损害。
67 、Four years have passed since the aftermath of Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos, and a great tension now smolders throughout the ravaged world of Azeroth.───四年过去了善后魔兽三:在位混乱,并拉大闷现在整个世界蹂躏的魔兽。
68 、Packs of wild, demonic felhounds ravaged the countryside unopposed.───大群的恶魔兵蹂躏着毫无反抗的村庄。
69 、President Bush toured the damage in Alabama and George. He's already declared the ravaged damage area as a disaster. That means residents can get federal funds to help rebuild.───布什总统亲临阿拉巴马和乔治亚州灾区现场。他已宣布这些遭受破坏的地区为灾区。也就意味着该地区的居民可以得到联邦政府的救济基金,重建家园。
70 、Authorities have now charged a man with lighting one of the deadly wildfires that ravaged southern Australia.───官方已经对一名男子引燃澳大利亚南部致命的森林大火提出指控。
71 、A hum ack whale mother and calf embark on an epic journey from tropical coral paradises to storm ravaged polar seas.───一头母座头鲸带着她的幼鲸开始了一场从热带天堂般的珊瑚海开始的远行,她们的目的地,是布满惊涛骇浪的极地大洋。
72 、Anyone he had ever injured by his conceit might now feel revenged to see how ravaged he looked.───凡是从前被他的自高自大伤害过的人,现在只要看他一眼这种憔悴的模样,就会感到大仇已报。
73 、The past 18 months have seen many reputations ravaged,plenty of high-profile sackings and a lot of business failures.───在过去的18个月中,许多人身败名裂,涌现了许多轰动一时的解雇事件,大量企业宣告破产。
74 、And then I heard the ravagers had eliminated you both.─── 然后我听说劫掠者把你们两个人都杀了
75 、She felt as if she had been ravaged.───她感到浑身瘫软无力。
76 、Greek-born Turkish corsair who with his brother Arouj (died 58) ravaged the coasts of Spain, Italy, and Greece.───巴尔巴罗萨:希腊裔土耳其海盗,曾与其弟阿鲁依(死于58年)一起劫掠过西班牙、意大利和希腊海岸
77 、He have plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our human.───他在咱们的海域大肆掠夺,蹂躏咱们沿海地区,焚烧咱们的城镇,残害咱们人民的生命。
78 、The conquering army ravaged the whole country .───占领军洗劫了整个国家。
79 、Throughout the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the border country was ravaged by lawless Reiver families in a vicious cycle of raid, reprisal and blood feud .───在15与16世纪中,这两地交界处的村庄各有不受两地律法管辖的”雷夥”家族,陷入在袭击、报复、结成世仇这样的惨烈轮迴。
80 、So far this year, the country ravaged by hyperinflation has been forced to print 100-million, 250-million and 500-million notes in rapid succession.───今年到目前为止,由于超级通货膨胀对经济造成的破坏,津巴布韦不得不接二连三的发行1000亿面额、2500亿面额和5000亿面额的纸币。
81 、The invaders ravaged the countryside.───侵略者把乡间洗劫一空。
82 、Then, when droughts or outbreaks of diseases and insect pests ravaged crops, famine resulted.───一旦干旱或病虫害暴发,饥荒就随之出现。
83 、Trucks bump along its cracked and undulating surface, which is being ravaged by the freezing and thawing of the tundra beneath.───公路之下的冻土凝结又解冻,公路因此受到破坏,表面皲裂,起起伏伏,卡车沿路颠簸前行。
84 、She looked dead. She looked like a dead, old woman with her ravaged face and her dark hair snarled and tangled across it.───她看起来像个死人,像个死了的老妇人,一张受尽折磨的脸,上面披散着几绺蓬乱纠结的黑发。
85 、In summer it is so parched it is often ravaged by fire.───在夏天,由于气候极度干热,这里经常发生火灾。
86 、The countryside has been ravaged by pollution.───乡村受到污染的破坏。
87 、In Switzerland, 13 people still missing after a mudslide ravaged the tiny village of Gondo on Saturday are presumed dead, although no bodies have been found.───周六在瑞士发生的一场泥流已摧毁了一个名为冈都的小镇,虽然在这场灾难中失踪的十三人的尸体都尚未寻获,但据推测应已丧生。
88 、A man ravaged by AIDS is bathed at a hospice in Zambia.───一个感染艾滋病病毒的男子在赞比亚一处医务所沐浴清洗。
89 、Weasley gasps and her face falls into its familiar lines of resentment, but the corner of the Auror's mouth crooks upward, crinkling his ravaged face with what must pass for amusement.───"Weasley倒抽一口气,脸上又现出那种忿忿的神情来,可是Auror嘴角却弯了起来,那张饱经沧桑的脸上一闪而过的该是忍不住的笑意。
90 、You and your students have been ravaging this country.─── 你和你的学生在全国各地作恶
这个《独立宣言》的英语原文哪里有
The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies
In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America,
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain [George III] is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained, and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies, without the consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms. Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren.
We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.
We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here.
We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence.
They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare.
That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown,
and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved;
and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce,
and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.
And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.
The signers of the Declaration represented the new states as follows:
New Hampshire:
Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton
Massachusetts:
John Hancock, Samual Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry
Rhode Island:
Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery
Connecticut:
Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott
New York:
William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris
New Jersey:
Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark
Pennsylvania:
Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross
Delaware:
Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean
Maryland:
Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Virginia:
George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton
North Carolina:
William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn
South Carolina:
Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton
Georgia:
Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton
这个《独立宣言》的英语原文哪里有
The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies
In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America,
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain [George III] is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained, and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies, without the consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms. Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren.
We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.
We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here.
We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence.
They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare.
That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown,
and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved;
and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce,
and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.
And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.
The signers of the Declaration represented the new states as follows:
New Hampshire:
Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton
Massachusetts:
John Hancock, Samual Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry
Rhode Island:
Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery
Connecticut:
Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott
New York:
William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris
New Jersey:
Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark
Pennsylvania:
Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross
Delaware:
Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean
Maryland:
Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Virginia:
George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton
North Carolina:
William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn
South Carolina:
Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton
Georgia:
Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton
[美] 托马斯.杰非逊
1776年7月4日,美利坚合众国十三州议会一致通过的宣言。
在人类事务发展的过程中,当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族的联系,并按照自然法则和上帝的旨意,以独立平等的身份立于世界列国之林时,出于对人类舆论的尊重,必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。
我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利,其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利,人们才在他们中间建立政府,而政府的正当权利,则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时,人民便有权予以更换或废除,以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则和组织其权利的方式,务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得安全和幸福。若真要审慎的来说,成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明,任何苦难,只要尚能忍受,人类还是情愿忍受,也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。然而,当始终追求同一目标的一系列滥用职权和强取豪夺的行为表明政府企图把人民至于专制暴政之下时,人民就有权也有义务去推翻这样的政府,并为其未来的安全提供新的保障。这就是这些殖民地过去忍受苦难的经过,也是他们现在不得不改变政府制度的原因。当今大不列颠王国的历史,就是屡屡伤害和掠夺这些殖民地的历史,其直接目标就是要在各州之上建立一个独裁暴政。为了证明上述句句属实,现将事实公诸于世,让公正的世人作出评判。
他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必需的法律。
他禁止他的殖民总督批准刻不容缓、极端重要的法律,要不就先行搁置这些法律直至征得他的同意,而这些法律被搁置以后,他又完全置之不理。
他拒绝批准便利大地区人民的其他的法律,除非这些地区的人民情愿放弃自己在自己在立法机构中的代表权;而代表权对人民是无比珍贵的,只有暴君才畏惧它。
他把各州的立法委员召集到一个异乎寻常、极不舒适而有远离他们的档案库的地方去开会,其目的无非是使他们疲惫不堪,被迫就范。
他一再解散各州的众议院,因为后者坚决反对他侵犯人民的权利。
他在解散众议院之后,又长期拒绝另选他人,于是这项不可剥夺的立法权便归由普通人民来行使,致使在这其间各州仍处于外敌入侵和内部骚乱的种种危险之中。
他力图阻止各州增加人口,为此目的,他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过,拒绝批准其他鼓励移民的法律,并提高分配新土地的条件。
他拒绝批准建立司法权利的法律,以阻挠司法的执行。
他迫使法官为了保住任期、薪金的数额和支付而置于他个人意志的支配之下。
他滥设新官署,委派大批官员到这里骚扰我们的人民,吞噬他们的财物。
他在和平时期,未经我们立法机构同意,就在我们中间维持其常备军。
他施加影响,使军队独立于文官政权之外,并凌驾于文官政权之上。
他同他人勾结,把我们置于一种既不符合我们的法规也未经我们法律承认的管辖之下,而且还批准他们炮制的各种伪法案,以便任其在我们中间驻扎大批武装部队;不论这些人对我们各州居民犯下何等严重的谋杀罪,他可用加审判来庇护他们,让他们逍遥法外;他可以切断我们同世界各地的贸易;未经我们同意便向我们强行征税;在许多案件中剥夺我们享有陪审制的权益;以莫须有的罪名把我们押送海外受审;他在一个邻省废除了英国法律的自由制度,在那里建立专制政府,扩大其疆域,使其立即成为一个样板和合适的工具,以便向这里各殖民地推行同样的专制统治;他取消我们的许多特许状,废除我们最珍贵的法律并从根本上改变我们各州政府的形式;他终止我们立法机构行使权力,宣称他们自己拥有在任何情况下为我们制定法律的权力。
他们放弃设在这里的政府,宣称我们已不属他们保护之列,并向我们发动战争。
他在我们的海域里大肆掠夺,蹂躏我们的沿海地区,烧毁我们的城镇,残害我们人民的生命。
他此时正在运送大批外国雇佣兵,来从事其制造死亡、荒凉和暴政的勾当,其残忍与卑劣从一开始就连最野蛮的时代也难以相比,他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。
他强迫我们在公海被他们俘虏的同胞拿起武器反对自己的国家,使他们成为残杀自己亲友的刽子手,或使他们死于自己亲友的手下。
他在我们中间煽动内乱,并竭力挑唆残酷无情的印地安蛮子来对付我们边疆的居民,而众所周知,印地安人作战的准则是不分男女老幼、是非曲直,格杀勿论。
在遭受这些压迫的每一阶段,我们都曾以最谦卑的言辞吁请予以纠正。而我们一次又一次的情愿,却只是被报以一次又一次的伤害。
一个君主,其品格被他的每一个只有暴君才干的出的行为所暴露时,就不配君临自由的人民。
我们并不是没有想到我们英国的弟兄。他们的立法机关想把无理的管辖权扩展到我们这里来,我们时常把这个企图通知他们。我们也曾把我们移民来这里和在这里定居的情况告诉他们。我们曾恳求他们天生的正义感和雅量,念在同种同宗的分上,弃绝这些掠夺行为,因为这些掠夺行为难免会使我们之间的关系和来往中断。可他们对这种正义和同宗的呼声也同样充耳不闻。因此,我们不得不宣布脱离他们,以对待世界上其他民族的态度对待他们:同我交战者,就是敌人;同我和好者,即为朋友。
因此我们这些在大陆会议上集会的美利坚合众国的代表们,以各殖民地善良人民的名义,并经他们授权,向世界最高裁判者申诉,说明我们的严重意向,同时郑重宣布:
我们这些联合起来的殖民地现在是,而且按公理也应该是,独立自由的国家;
我们对英国王室效忠的全部义务,我们与大不列颠王国之间大不列颠一切政治联系全部断绝,而且必须断绝。
作为一个独立自由的国家,我们完全有权宣战、缔和、结盟、通商和采取独立国家有权采取的一切行动。
我们坚定地信赖神明上帝的保佑,同时以我们的生命、财产和神圣的名誉彼此宣誓来支持这一宣言。
---------------------------------------------------------------------
〔说明〕
1776年6月7日,大陆会议弗吉尼亚代表提出北美各殖民地脱离英国的决议
案。大陆会议选出托马斯.杰斐逊、约翰.亚当斯和本杰明.富兰克林等人组成的委员会,起草美国的独立宣言。
杰斐逊起草了《独立宣言》的第一稿,富兰克林等人又进行了润色。大陆会议对
此稿又进行了长时间的、激烈的辩论,最终作出了重大的修改。特别是在佐治亚
和卡罗来纳代表们的坚持下,删去了杰斐逊对英王乔治三世允许在殖民地保持奴
隶制和奴隶买卖的有力谴责。这一部分的原文是这样的:
他的人性本身发动了残酷的战争,侵犯了一个从未冒犯过他的远方民族的最神圣
的生存权和自由权;他诱骗他们,并把他们运往另一半球充当奴隶,或使他们惨
死在运送途中。
美国的奴隶制度直到80多年以后的南北战争时期才得到解决。1862年9月22日,林肯总统颁布《解放黑人奴隶宣言》,宣布奴隶获得自由,但范围仅限于叛乱各州的奴隶,却不包括未参与叛乱的几个蓄奴州的奴隶。从法律上真正奴隶制,是在战争结束后的1865年年底。而对有色人种的种族歧视,至今犹存。
《独立宣言》认定的真理“人人生而平等”与奴隶制的得以保护,这对比是如此
的强烈。然而,这就是真正的历史。但是,自1776年以来,“人人生而平等”作为美国立国的基本原则,作为人们的信念和理想,就一直在全世界为人传颂。美国正义的社会改革者们,在各个社会的历史阶段,为了废除奴隶制,为了禁止种族隔离,为了妇女解放,都提到这一理想;而人民在反对不民主、不公正的统治时,也都以此作为最有力的思想武器。
托马斯.杰斐逊(1743-1826),生于弗吉尼亚的一个富裕家庭。曾就读于威廉-
玛丽学院。1767年成为律师,1769年当选为弗吉尼亚下院议院。他积极投身于独立运动之中,并代表弗吉尼亚出席大陆会议。他曾两次当选弗吉尼亚州长。1800
年当选美国总统。
杰斐逊在为自己的墓碑而作的墓志铭中这样写到:
这里埋葬着托马斯.杰斐逊,美国《独立宣言》的作者,弗吉尼亚宗教自由
法规的制定者和弗吉尼亚大学之父。
参考资料:
http://www.veryabc.cn/bbs/index.php?s=b5f75e7d12a52992c605145c81f58e90&showtopic=725